What condition is most likely associated with dilation of submucosal venous plexus in the esophagus, leading to acute gastrointestinal bleeding?

The condition most likely associated with dilation of submucosal venous plexus in the esophagus, leading to acute gastrointestinal bleeding, is portal hypertension. Portal hypertension is a complication that arises from increased blood pressure in the portal venous system, which can occur due to liver cirrhosis or other liver diseases.

When the pressure in the portal vein rises, blood flow is redirected to collateral circulation, one of the most common sites being the esophagus. This results in the enlargement of the submucosal veins of the esophagus, known as esophageal varices. These varices can rupture due to the increased pressure and lead to acute and potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding.

The other conditions listed do not primarily cause this specific vascular change. Angiosarcoma is a type of cancer that generally presents with bleeding due to tumor vascularity but does not specifically involve submucosal venous plexus dilation. Esophageal carcinoma can also cause bleeding, but it typically does so through direct invasion of blood vessels rather than through increased venous pressure. Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) is often seen in immunocompromised patients and can lead to ulceration or other complications but is not specifically linked to dilation of the ven