What type of cells would most likely be found on a peripheral blood smear of a patient with iron deficiency anemia?

In iron deficiency anemia, the most characteristic finding in a peripheral blood smear is the presence of microcytes, which are smaller-than-normal red blood cells. This occurs because iron is essential for hemoglobin production, and its deficiency leads to reduced hemoglobin synthesis. As a result, the red blood cells produced are smaller (microcytic) and often pallor due to the lower hemoglobin content. This microcytosis is typically observed alongside other parameters, such as low serum ferritin and low serum iron levels.

Other types of cells mentioned, such as macrocytes, are indicative of other conditions like vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Spherocytes are associated with conditions such as hereditary spherocytosis or autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Stippled cells, or basophilic stippling, may be seen in lead poisoning or other conditions affecting red blood cell production but are not associated with iron deficiency anemia. Thus, the presence of microcytes is a direct reflection of the underlying pathology in iron deficiency anemia, making this the correct answer.