Which pulmonary condition is characterized by cough, fever, and dullness to percussion with localized bronchovesicular breath sounds?

The pulmonary condition characterized by cough, fever, dullness to percussion, and localized bronchovesicular breath sounds is pneumonia.

In pneumonia, the infection of the lung tissue leads to an accumulation of fluid and inflammatory cells in the alveoli, which can cause symptoms such as cough and fever due to the body's response to the infection. Dullness to percussion occurs because the presence of fluid in the alveoli changes the normal air-filled lung to a denser state, making it less resonant when tapped. Additionally, localized bronchovesicular breath sounds indicate that there is consolidation in the involved lung area; these sounds are heard when the normal air-filled lung is replaced with fluid or solid material, allowing transmission of breath sounds from larger airways.

The symptoms and physical exam findings align with pneumonia, making it the correct choice in this scenario.